1 00:00:06,110 --> 00:00:02,930 hello and welcome to another edition of 2 00:00:08,150 --> 00:00:06,120 the 2023 Von carbon talks my name is 3 00:00:10,490 --> 00:00:08,160 Nikki Wyrick from jpl's Office of 4 00:00:11,930 --> 00:00:10,500 communications and education and I will 5 00:00:14,690 --> 00:00:11,940 be your host for this evening's 6 00:00:17,390 --> 00:00:14,700 discussion on the Earth surface mineral 7 00:00:22,189 --> 00:00:17,400 dust Source investigation better known 8 00:00:23,390 --> 00:00:22,199 as emit emit launched July 14 2022 and 9 00:00:24,910 --> 00:00:23,400 observes the Earth from the 10 00:00:27,589 --> 00:00:24,920 International Space Station today 11 00:00:30,050 --> 00:00:27,599 studying mineral Rock Dust blown by the 12 00:00:32,210 --> 00:00:30,060 wind and suspended in the air which can 13 00:00:35,330 --> 00:00:32,220 affect the heating and cooling of the 14 00:00:37,910 --> 00:00:35,340 atmosphere and Earth's surface emit is 15 00:00:40,310 --> 00:00:37,920 also capable of mapping super emitters 16 00:00:42,530 --> 00:00:40,320 of methane which is already contributing 17 00:00:44,810 --> 00:00:42,540 to meaningful climate action 18 00:00:48,470 --> 00:00:44,820 now joining us as co-host this evening 19 00:00:50,690 --> 00:00:48,480 is Josh Jocelyn argeta Jocelyn is a 20 00:00:53,029 --> 00:00:50,700 public Outreach specialist for NASA 21 00:00:55,490 --> 00:00:53,039 Earth where she shares stories of how 22 00:00:57,590 --> 00:00:55,500 NASA data helps us learn more about our 23 00:00:58,670 --> 00:00:57,600 home planet so hi Jocelyn how are you 24 00:01:01,729 --> 00:00:58,680 today 25 00:01:03,830 --> 00:01:01,739 hi Nikki so great to be here tonight and 26 00:01:06,410 --> 00:01:03,840 I want to remind everyone watching that 27 00:01:08,390 --> 00:01:06,420 this is your space program and we want 28 00:01:10,609 --> 00:01:08,400 you involved in the conversation tonight 29 00:01:13,010 --> 00:01:10,619 so wherever you're watching us from 30 00:01:15,050 --> 00:01:13,020 please ask your questions in the chat 31 00:01:17,030 --> 00:01:15,060 box and our social media team is going 32 00:01:19,490 --> 00:01:17,040 to bring in as many as we can fit into 33 00:01:22,130 --> 00:01:19,500 our talk tonight if you don't see your 34 00:01:24,050 --> 00:01:22,140 chat box then reload your page and it'll 35 00:01:26,210 --> 00:01:24,060 be right there 36 00:01:27,770 --> 00:01:26,220 awesome thank you Jocelyn it's great to 37 00:01:29,390 --> 00:01:27,780 have you as always 38 00:01:31,010 --> 00:01:29,400 um now I want to remind our audience if 39 00:01:33,350 --> 00:01:31,020 we do run into any technical 40 00:01:35,450 --> 00:01:33,360 difficulties or small failures we please 41 00:01:37,490 --> 00:01:35,460 ask your patients and stick with us 42 00:01:40,249 --> 00:01:37,500 we'll get them sorted out as quickly as 43 00:01:42,590 --> 00:01:40,259 we can and now let's introduce our 44 00:01:45,469 --> 00:01:42,600 speaker for this evening Dr Robert o 45 00:01:48,230 --> 00:01:45,479 green is a senior research scientist JPL 46 00:01:50,810 --> 00:01:48,240 fellow and director of the JPL Micro 47 00:01:53,270 --> 00:01:50,820 Devices laboratory he was the principal 48 00:01:55,190 --> 00:01:53,280 investigator for avarice and the 49 00:01:58,190 --> 00:01:55,200 instrument scientist for the NASA Moon 50 00:02:00,649 --> 00:01:58,200 mineralogy mapper he is also a science 51 00:02:03,170 --> 00:02:00,659 co-investigator on the mapping Imaging 52 00:02:06,709 --> 00:02:03,180 spectrometer for Europa better known as 53 00:02:08,930 --> 00:02:06,719 Mize and the NASA lunar Trailblazer 54 00:02:11,210 --> 00:02:08,940 Mission Dr Green is also the instrument 55 00:02:13,550 --> 00:02:11,220 scientist for the carbon plume mapper 56 00:02:16,369 --> 00:02:13,560 Imaging spectrometer and has worked with 57 00:02:19,729 --> 00:02:16,379 imaging spectrometer instrumentation for 58 00:02:21,229 --> 00:02:19,739 more than 25 years hiya Rob it's great 59 00:02:24,170 --> 00:02:21,239 to have you tonight 60 00:02:25,250 --> 00:02:24,180 it's wonderful to be here uh great to 61 00:02:27,589 --> 00:02:25,260 see you all 62 00:02:29,630 --> 00:02:27,599 thanks for being here so I mean you've 63 00:02:31,670 --> 00:02:29,640 been working towards this for over 25 64 00:02:33,410 --> 00:02:31,680 years so tell us a little bit how did 65 00:02:35,690 --> 00:02:33,420 you get into this field and at your 66 00:02:38,510 --> 00:02:35,700 position currently with emit 67 00:02:40,250 --> 00:02:38,520 uh it's a wonderful story for me uh it 68 00:02:42,470 --> 00:02:40,260 began in graduate school at Stanford 69 00:02:44,809 --> 00:02:42,480 University I was studying to for a 70 00:02:48,770 --> 00:02:44,819 graduate degree in geology and I was out 71 00:02:50,869 --> 00:02:48,780 in Nevada learning to map minerals and 72 00:02:52,729 --> 00:02:50,879 realized there were new technologies 73 00:02:54,890 --> 00:02:52,739 coming that could allow us to map 74 00:02:56,809 --> 00:02:54,900 minerals directly from their 75 00:02:59,030 --> 00:02:56,819 spectroscopic signatures and a 76 00:03:01,309 --> 00:02:59,040 spectrocopic signature is just the way 77 00:03:03,170 --> 00:03:01,319 that mineral reflects light at many many 78 00:03:06,229 --> 00:03:03,180 wavelengths from the visible out into 79 00:03:08,390 --> 00:03:06,239 the infrared that the molecules of those 80 00:03:10,190 --> 00:03:08,400 minerals they absorb light differently 81 00:03:12,470 --> 00:03:10,200 at different wavelengths it becomes a 82 00:03:14,809 --> 00:03:12,480 fingerprint of different minerals so I 83 00:03:17,290 --> 00:03:14,819 understood that there was a new approach 84 00:03:19,430 --> 00:03:17,300 something called Imaging spectroscopy 85 00:03:21,470 --> 00:03:19,440 where you could build a new instrument 86 00:03:24,050 --> 00:03:21,480 that measured a spectrum for every point 87 00:03:25,729 --> 00:03:24,060 in that image and then map the minerals 88 00:03:27,910 --> 00:03:25,739 based on their spectral signatures or 89 00:03:30,949 --> 00:03:27,920 their spectral fingerprints and that's 90 00:03:32,509 --> 00:03:30,959 where I got inspired I learned JPL was 91 00:03:34,670 --> 00:03:32,519 building the very first Imaging 92 00:03:36,470 --> 00:03:34,680 spectrometer called The Airborne Imaging 93 00:03:38,210 --> 00:03:36,480 spectrometer and soon follow-on 94 00:03:41,750 --> 00:03:38,220 instrument called avarice 95 00:03:44,089 --> 00:03:41,760 and that Drew me to come to JPL and to 96 00:03:46,729 --> 00:03:44,099 learn about this new measurement 97 00:03:49,789 --> 00:03:46,739 technique and I've been able to work 98 00:03:51,589 --> 00:03:49,799 with it through now more than 25 years 99 00:03:53,930 --> 00:03:51,599 with increasingly sophisticated 100 00:03:55,550 --> 00:03:53,940 instruments and brought me to my current 101 00:03:58,130 --> 00:03:55,560 position 102 00:04:00,110 --> 00:03:58,140 I mean you are incredibly dedicated to 103 00:04:02,869 --> 00:04:00,120 the work that you're doing and that is 104 00:04:04,369 --> 00:04:02,879 so honorable can you tell us what is 105 00:04:07,910 --> 00:04:04,379 emit 106 00:04:09,890 --> 00:04:07,920 okay Amit is an instrument designed to 107 00:04:11,449 --> 00:04:09,900 answer a specific question but because 108 00:04:14,750 --> 00:04:11,459 it's answering that question it can also 109 00:04:17,030 --> 00:04:14,760 answer other questions it turns out that 110 00:04:19,370 --> 00:04:17,040 the Earth has a mineral dust cycle when 111 00:04:21,229 --> 00:04:19,380 there are high winds blowing across arid 112 00:04:23,450 --> 00:04:21,239 lands dust is emitted into the 113 00:04:26,390 --> 00:04:23,460 atmosphere where it starts to interact 114 00:04:28,010 --> 00:04:26,400 with your system it uh immediately 115 00:04:29,930 --> 00:04:28,020 changes the chemistry of the atmosphere 116 00:04:32,270 --> 00:04:29,940 it can play a role in how clouds are 117 00:04:34,730 --> 00:04:32,280 formed it can scatter light back into 118 00:04:36,110 --> 00:04:34,740 space those little mineral particles it 119 00:04:38,330 --> 00:04:36,120 can absorb light if they're dark 120 00:04:41,450 --> 00:04:38,340 particles and heat the Earth and then 121 00:04:43,969 --> 00:04:41,460 when it's deposited in terrestrial 122 00:04:46,730 --> 00:04:43,979 ecosystems in in plants on the surface 123 00:04:49,189 --> 00:04:46,740 it can fight a nutrient it does so for 124 00:04:50,870 --> 00:04:49,199 the Brazilian rainforests when it lands 125 00:04:52,909 --> 00:04:50,880 in oceans it can provide a nutrient when 126 00:04:55,670 --> 00:04:52,919 it lands on snow it can change how they 127 00:04:58,249 --> 00:04:55,680 melt that impacts uh Water Resources 128 00:04:59,749 --> 00:04:58,259 here in California for example and then 129 00:05:01,550 --> 00:04:59,759 when it arrives in our cities at little 130 00:05:03,350 --> 00:05:01,560 dust particles they can be a visibility 131 00:05:05,689 --> 00:05:03,360 Hazard they can also be a bit of a toxic 132 00:05:08,990 --> 00:05:05,699 Hazard so there is this important cycle 133 00:05:11,050 --> 00:05:09,000 of dust and emit is designed to help us 134 00:05:15,050 --> 00:05:11,060 answer a really important question is 135 00:05:16,129 --> 00:05:15,060 what is the dust made of and because 136 00:05:17,810 --> 00:05:16,139 there are different minerals and 137 00:05:20,870 --> 00:05:17,820 different places of the Earth 138 00:05:22,370 --> 00:05:20,880 we want to know when the winds blow what 139 00:05:24,110 --> 00:05:22,380 kind of particles are being blown into 140 00:05:26,090 --> 00:05:24,120 the atmosphere are they light particles 141 00:05:28,249 --> 00:05:26,100 dark particles more acidic particles 142 00:05:29,870 --> 00:05:28,259 more basic particles and how are those 143 00:05:32,450 --> 00:05:29,880 going to interact with our Earth system 144 00:05:33,590 --> 00:05:32,460 and I can show just an example if we 145 00:05:35,870 --> 00:05:33,600 bring up 146 00:05:37,730 --> 00:05:35,880 um one of the the charts you prepared 147 00:05:40,610 --> 00:05:37,740 for me uh 148 00:05:42,529 --> 00:05:40,620 I just have to grab the uh the one with 149 00:05:44,330 --> 00:05:42,539 the conveyor belt that would be ideal I 150 00:05:46,670 --> 00:05:44,340 believe it's uh 151 00:05:49,490 --> 00:05:46,680 chart three thank you yeah so this is a 152 00:05:52,070 --> 00:05:49,500 in a nutshell the emit um 153 00:05:54,710 --> 00:05:52,080 uh Mission uh we've got a situation 154 00:05:56,390 --> 00:05:54,720 where winds are blowing along the 155 00:05:58,670 --> 00:05:56,400 Earth's surface and arid lands they 156 00:06:01,189 --> 00:05:58,680 launched that dust into the atmosphere 157 00:06:02,810 --> 00:06:01,199 it can heat or cool the Earth we call 158 00:06:04,790 --> 00:06:02,820 that radiator forcing and then when it's 159 00:06:06,350 --> 00:06:04,800 deposited on the earth it can have all 160 00:06:09,590 --> 00:06:06,360 those effects that I talked about so 161 00:06:11,629 --> 00:06:09,600 that's what a mid is designed to help us 162 00:06:13,370 --> 00:06:11,639 understand this dust cycle and the 163 00:06:16,370 --> 00:06:13,380 particular problem I made is tackling is 164 00:06:19,129 --> 00:06:16,380 that currently when we model dust in the 165 00:06:21,469 --> 00:06:19,139 earth system we rely on only 5 000 166 00:06:23,210 --> 00:06:21,479 measurements around planet Earth for the 167 00:06:26,870 --> 00:06:23,220 whole planet where we know the mineral 168 00:06:29,990 --> 00:06:26,880 for those locations with emits Imaging 169 00:06:33,170 --> 00:06:30,000 spectroscopy we can take that from 5000 170 00:06:35,450 --> 00:06:33,180 to a billion measurements all over the 171 00:06:37,309 --> 00:06:35,460 air land and really improve our ability 172 00:06:38,870 --> 00:06:37,319 to understand 173 00:06:41,749 --> 00:06:38,880 um radiator forcing and the other 174 00:06:44,210 --> 00:06:41,759 elements of mineral dust in the earth 175 00:06:46,490 --> 00:06:44,220 system so that's what emit is it's an 176 00:06:48,830 --> 00:06:46,500 instrument to collect Spectra for the 177 00:06:50,870 --> 00:06:48,840 Arid land reasons of our planet to 178 00:06:52,490 --> 00:06:50,880 address that import question of heating 179 00:06:55,909 --> 00:06:52,500 or cooling of our planet and the other 180 00:06:58,249 --> 00:06:55,919 interaction throughout the Earth system 181 00:07:01,249 --> 00:06:58,259 so it's great to know what a MIT does 182 00:07:03,650 --> 00:07:01,259 but how does emit specifically study the 183 00:07:05,570 --> 00:07:03,660 spectral range of mineral dust why is 184 00:07:07,670 --> 00:07:05,580 this so important what is the Prime 185 00:07:10,309 --> 00:07:07,680 mission of emit 186 00:07:12,710 --> 00:07:10,319 so the Prime mission really is to 187 00:07:14,450 --> 00:07:12,720 understand if mineral does currently is 188 00:07:16,850 --> 00:07:14,460 heating or cooling our planet we don't 189 00:07:18,529 --> 00:07:16,860 know whether it's heating or Cooling and 190 00:07:21,110 --> 00:07:18,539 then the secondary objective is to 191 00:07:23,390 --> 00:07:21,120 understand with these climate models 192 00:07:25,010 --> 00:07:23,400 constrained by emit measurements how 193 00:07:26,749 --> 00:07:25,020 will the dust cycle change in the future 194 00:07:29,089 --> 00:07:26,759 would there be more regions for mineral 195 00:07:30,950 --> 00:07:29,099 dust or less regions and how will that 196 00:07:33,230 --> 00:07:30,960 impact the climate in the future so it's 197 00:07:35,570 --> 00:07:33,240 got two climate objectives understanding 198 00:07:37,790 --> 00:07:35,580 how dust is impacting our climate today 199 00:07:39,830 --> 00:07:37,800 and how it might impact our climate in 200 00:07:42,710 --> 00:07:39,840 the future 201 00:07:44,330 --> 00:07:42,720 and how is 202 00:07:47,330 --> 00:07:44,340 emissions 203 00:07:49,189 --> 00:07:47,340 okay mitt really is the first of its 204 00:07:51,589 --> 00:07:49,199 kind of this class of Imaging 205 00:07:54,170 --> 00:07:51,599 spectrometer we brought technology 206 00:07:55,550 --> 00:07:54,180 that's only just become available even 207 00:07:58,249 --> 00:07:55,560 though we did the first Imaging 208 00:08:01,129 --> 00:07:58,259 spectrometer quite a while ago this one 209 00:08:04,670 --> 00:08:01,139 has the very latest detector the very 210 00:08:06,469 --> 00:08:04,680 latest design it has very high signal to 211 00:08:09,589 --> 00:08:06,479 noise they're very high Precision we can 212 00:08:11,870 --> 00:08:09,599 see very small variations in minerals 213 00:08:15,050 --> 00:08:11,880 and other elements of the earth system 214 00:08:17,930 --> 00:08:15,060 so it's really the first of this next 215 00:08:19,670 --> 00:08:17,940 class of Imaging spectrometer and it's 216 00:08:21,589 --> 00:08:19,680 here to study our Earth with the focus 217 00:08:23,210 --> 00:08:21,599 on the emit science objectives but it 218 00:08:25,189 --> 00:08:23,220 may also help with other science 219 00:08:27,290 --> 00:08:25,199 objectives 220 00:08:29,629 --> 00:08:27,300 so Rob you just mentioned other science 221 00:08:32,089 --> 00:08:29,639 objectives emit has also been able to 222 00:08:34,190 --> 00:08:32,099 study greenhouse gases in a new way was 223 00:08:36,050 --> 00:08:34,200 this something we were expecting and can 224 00:08:38,389 --> 00:08:36,060 you tell me more about that 225 00:08:40,310 --> 00:08:38,399 yes this is an interesting added value 226 00:08:42,350 --> 00:08:40,320 from Amit we had to measure this 227 00:08:44,269 --> 00:08:42,360 spectral range where minerals absorb 228 00:08:45,829 --> 00:08:44,279 light so we could answer our question of 229 00:08:48,230 --> 00:08:45,839 what minerals are on the surface of the 230 00:08:50,329 --> 00:08:48,240 Earth so that range extends us out into 231 00:08:52,370 --> 00:08:50,339 the short wavelength infrared as we 232 00:08:55,490 --> 00:08:52,380 would call it it turns out that the 233 00:08:58,130 --> 00:08:55,500 absorption of methane and carbon dioxide 234 00:09:00,590 --> 00:08:58,140 these gases into your system also occur 235 00:09:02,449 --> 00:09:00,600 in this spectral range so we thought 236 00:09:04,850 --> 00:09:02,459 there would be some sensitivity with a 237 00:09:07,490 --> 00:09:04,860 myth when it was launched and began 238 00:09:09,110 --> 00:09:07,500 Imaging our Earth and it's turned out 239 00:09:12,350 --> 00:09:09,120 there is it's better than our 240 00:09:16,370 --> 00:09:12,360 expectations so we are now able to map 241 00:09:19,070 --> 00:09:16,380 plumes of methane uh coming from various 242 00:09:20,870 --> 00:09:19,080 Point sources and also carbon dioxide 243 00:09:24,350 --> 00:09:20,880 also coming from point sources so we're 244 00:09:28,210 --> 00:09:24,360 seeing some new spectacular plumes and I 245 00:09:31,370 --> 00:09:28,220 can jump to an image I would call Emma 246 00:09:34,790 --> 00:09:31,380 image 11 will show you one of those 247 00:09:37,730 --> 00:09:34,800 examples of these additional benefits so 248 00:09:41,329 --> 00:09:37,740 uh this is a data set from a MIT near 249 00:09:45,050 --> 00:09:41,339 the Caspian Sea what you're seeing uh in 250 00:09:46,970 --> 00:09:45,060 the upper left are the plumes that we've 251 00:09:49,250 --> 00:09:46,980 mapped from the emit Spectra in the 252 00:09:52,910 --> 00:09:49,260 spatial domains you can see these large 253 00:09:54,769 --> 00:09:52,920 plumes these are really extraordinary uh 254 00:09:56,630 --> 00:09:54,779 emissions of methane into our atmosphere 255 00:09:58,310 --> 00:09:56,640 and then on the lower right you're 256 00:10:00,110 --> 00:09:58,320 seeing the actual spectral fingerprint 257 00:10:02,329 --> 00:10:00,120 that was measured by a mid we measured 258 00:10:03,829 --> 00:10:02,339 that blue spectral fingerprint we have a 259 00:10:05,690 --> 00:10:03,839 model that says what methane should look 260 00:10:08,210 --> 00:10:05,700 like and that's red spectral fingerprint 261 00:10:10,250 --> 00:10:08,220 you can see how well those fingerprints 262 00:10:12,350 --> 00:10:10,260 match so that we know we're seeing the 263 00:10:15,170 --> 00:10:12,360 molecule methane in the Earth's 264 00:10:17,930 --> 00:10:15,180 atmosphere and we've now been asked by 265 00:10:19,430 --> 00:10:17,940 NASA to map the methane plumes that we 266 00:10:20,990 --> 00:10:19,440 see with Emit and make those available 267 00:10:23,449 --> 00:10:21,000 for others 268 00:10:26,449 --> 00:10:23,459 um to make decisions about how they 269 00:10:28,730 --> 00:10:26,459 might want to address these these 270 00:10:32,329 --> 00:10:28,740 methane sources and I think if we look 271 00:10:34,250 --> 00:10:32,339 at um chart 14 you can see how well 272 00:10:37,730 --> 00:10:34,260 we've done with greenhouse gases with 273 00:10:40,190 --> 00:10:37,740 emit today so these are the plumes of 274 00:10:42,470 --> 00:10:40,200 methane across six continents that has 275 00:10:44,509 --> 00:10:42,480 emit has seen even though it was 276 00:10:47,690 --> 00:10:44,519 launched less than a year ago and we're 277 00:10:49,550 --> 00:10:47,700 we're up into many hundred plumes and 278 00:10:51,290 --> 00:10:49,560 we're making this available to all who 279 00:10:53,690 --> 00:10:51,300 are interested to understand those 280 00:10:56,090 --> 00:10:53,700 plumes and think about how they they 281 00:10:58,550 --> 00:10:56,100 might choose to address those methane uh 282 00:11:01,250 --> 00:10:58,560 occurrences 283 00:11:03,050 --> 00:11:01,260 absolutely and just so you folks know 284 00:11:05,030 --> 00:11:03,060 what Rob is talking about is this is 285 00:11:07,190 --> 00:11:05,040 available online publicly to all of you 286 00:11:09,889 --> 00:11:07,200 our wonderful social media team is 287 00:11:11,030 --> 00:11:09,899 sharing some links in the chat with you 288 00:11:11,990 --> 00:11:11,040 um and this is one of the links that 289 00:11:14,150 --> 00:11:12,000 they'll be sharing throughout the 290 00:11:15,769 --> 00:11:14,160 lecture tonight for this interactive you 291 00:11:17,990 --> 00:11:15,779 can check on it this is a screenshot 292 00:11:20,569 --> 00:11:18,000 from yesterday but it updates regularly 293 00:11:23,090 --> 00:11:20,579 so you can check that online as well so 294 00:11:24,290 --> 00:11:23,100 Rob what's next for a mitt I mean it 295 00:11:26,630 --> 00:11:24,300 sounds like it's already been doing 296 00:11:28,069 --> 00:11:26,640 incredible work but what are you most 297 00:11:30,470 --> 00:11:28,079 looking forward to learning about 298 00:11:32,509 --> 00:11:30,480 because of emit 299 00:11:34,009 --> 00:11:32,519 well let me jump back a little bit to 300 00:11:36,170 --> 00:11:34,019 our Prime objective which is the 301 00:11:38,509 --> 00:11:36,180 mineralogy and and show you some of the 302 00:11:40,790 --> 00:11:38,519 things we're learning right now and so 303 00:11:43,190 --> 00:11:40,800 I'll jump to image nine if I could and 304 00:11:44,870 --> 00:11:43,200 this will show an example of how we're 305 00:11:47,150 --> 00:11:44,880 doing just what we said we would do when 306 00:11:49,009 --> 00:11:47,160 we propose this mission to NASA at the 307 00:11:52,009 --> 00:11:49,019 lower left you're seeing an image Cube 308 00:11:54,769 --> 00:11:52,019 that's an emit data set of more than a 309 00:11:57,110 --> 00:11:54,779 million Spectra uh with a spectrum for 310 00:11:58,850 --> 00:11:57,120 each point in that image and above there 311 00:12:00,470 --> 00:11:58,860 you're seeing the radiance that's the 312 00:12:02,329 --> 00:12:00,480 signature emit C's at the top of the 313 00:12:04,190 --> 00:12:02,339 atmosphere so that's the fingerprint of 314 00:12:07,250 --> 00:12:04,200 the whole earth system that's got the 315 00:12:09,410 --> 00:12:07,260 atmosphere and all elements of the 316 00:12:11,210 --> 00:12:09,420 surface and then to the upper right 317 00:12:12,829 --> 00:12:11,220 you're seeing once we peel back the 318 00:12:14,930 --> 00:12:12,839 atmosphere now we have the spectral 319 00:12:17,569 --> 00:12:14,940 signatures of the minerals so we can see 320 00:12:19,190 --> 00:12:17,579 iron oxide minerals which are dark and 321 00:12:21,710 --> 00:12:19,200 could heat the Earth and we could see 322 00:12:24,050 --> 00:12:21,720 evidence of Clays and carbonates which 323 00:12:26,870 --> 00:12:24,060 are brighter and could um scatter light 324 00:12:29,810 --> 00:12:26,880 and and have a cooling effect and then 325 00:12:31,310 --> 00:12:29,820 down below in the the middle and the the 326 00:12:34,370 --> 00:12:31,320 right you're seeing we're already 327 00:12:36,530 --> 00:12:34,380 producing these mineral Maps uh for the 328 00:12:38,870 --> 00:12:36,540 Earth system and again each one of these 329 00:12:41,630 --> 00:12:38,880 cubes has a million measurements and 330 00:12:43,550 --> 00:12:41,640 remember we're trying to replace uh the 331 00:12:45,949 --> 00:12:43,560 current situation with only 5 000 332 00:12:48,410 --> 00:12:45,959 measurements and here we are beginning 333 00:12:51,530 --> 00:12:48,420 on that journey and then to give you an 334 00:12:55,030 --> 00:12:51,540 idea of how far along I'll ask what we 335 00:12:59,870 --> 00:12:57,590 this is the amount of coverage emit has 336 00:13:02,030 --> 00:12:59,880 already collected on our planet in less 337 00:13:04,730 --> 00:13:02,040 than a year you can see we've got large 338 00:13:06,290 --> 00:13:04,740 areas of blue those blue are orbit 339 00:13:08,389 --> 00:13:06,300 segments from the International Space 340 00:13:10,250 --> 00:13:08,399 Station where we've collected emit data 341 00:13:12,290 --> 00:13:10,260 sets each one of those blue stripes 342 00:13:14,509 --> 00:13:12,300 consists of a number of those little 343 00:13:17,210 --> 00:13:14,519 cubes each Cube having about a million 344 00:13:19,610 --> 00:13:17,220 Spectra and this is how far we are 345 00:13:21,889 --> 00:13:19,620 already in collecting that data set to 346 00:13:24,350 --> 00:13:21,899 update the air system models so I'm very 347 00:13:27,650 --> 00:13:24,360 excited about achieving emits primary 348 00:13:32,870 --> 00:13:27,660 objectives with this uh spectacular data 349 00:13:37,069 --> 00:13:34,550 great things but there's a lot more 350 00:13:39,410 --> 00:13:37,079 things to come right we're looking at we 351 00:13:42,170 --> 00:13:39,420 talked about greenhouse gases but you 352 00:13:45,230 --> 00:13:42,180 also touched on Water Resources mineral 353 00:13:47,150 --> 00:13:45,240 resources studying the oceans and coral 354 00:13:48,430 --> 00:13:47,160 I mean this has so many applications 355 00:13:50,030 --> 00:13:48,440 right Rob 356 00:13:51,590 --> 00:13:50,040 absolutely 357 00:13:54,230 --> 00:13:51,600 um the data set while we're focused on 358 00:13:56,090 --> 00:13:54,240 the air land regions we collect adjacent 359 00:13:58,069 --> 00:13:56,100 data sets which have all these different 360 00:14:00,710 --> 00:13:58,079 signatures or Fingerprints of the earth 361 00:14:02,810 --> 00:14:00,720 system so some related to snow and ice 362 00:14:05,690 --> 00:14:02,820 when we capture those we can understand 363 00:14:07,370 --> 00:14:05,700 is there dust on the snow what's the 364 00:14:09,290 --> 00:14:07,380 brightness of the snow is it going to 365 00:14:12,009 --> 00:14:09,300 melt more quickly or more slowly so that 366 00:14:14,509 --> 00:14:12,019 relates to water resources and hydrology 367 00:14:16,670 --> 00:14:14,519 in many of the air then regions where 368 00:14:18,949 --> 00:14:16,680 we're next to an ocean that's often an 369 00:14:21,290 --> 00:14:18,959 area where there are coral reefs and sea 370 00:14:22,850 --> 00:14:21,300 grass so the emit data set can be used 371 00:14:25,069 --> 00:14:22,860 well not for the prime objective 372 00:14:26,509 --> 00:14:25,079 scientists who are interested in using 373 00:14:28,910 --> 00:14:26,519 the emit dataset to investigate 374 00:14:31,850 --> 00:14:28,920 important questions about aquatic 375 00:14:34,069 --> 00:14:31,860 systems seagrass coral reefs and then 376 00:14:36,949 --> 00:14:34,079 there are terrestrial ecosystems around 377 00:14:39,769 --> 00:14:36,959 all these arid land systems uh like we 378 00:14:41,990 --> 00:14:39,779 have here in in California and the 379 00:14:44,269 --> 00:14:42,000 spectral Fingerprints of vegetation are 380 00:14:46,009 --> 00:14:44,279 also available for people to pose and 381 00:14:48,410 --> 00:14:46,019 answer questions and pursue applications 382 00:14:50,990 --> 00:14:48,420 in fact excitedly NASA has just really 383 00:14:53,569 --> 00:14:51,000 least an opportunity for scientists and 384 00:14:56,569 --> 00:14:53,579 others to propose to use these data sets 385 00:14:57,829 --> 00:14:56,579 and support their use of these data sets 386 00:14:59,389 --> 00:14:57,839 and that's just been released in the 387 00:15:02,810 --> 00:14:59,399 last couple of weeks so that will really 388 00:15:05,329 --> 00:15:02,820 grow the utility of these spectacular 389 00:15:07,189 --> 00:15:05,339 new measurements that really are first 390 00:15:11,269 --> 00:15:07,199 in their class in terms of their signals 391 00:15:16,970 --> 00:15:15,110 so what comes next after a mitt Rob 392 00:15:19,670 --> 00:15:16,980 yeah that that's where it's even more 393 00:15:23,689 --> 00:15:19,680 exciting that the the National Academy 394 00:15:26,810 --> 00:15:23,699 of Science decadal survey called for uh 395 00:15:29,750 --> 00:15:26,820 NASA to work on the Next Generation 396 00:15:31,069 --> 00:15:29,760 observations for our planet and we call 397 00:15:33,590 --> 00:15:31,079 those part of the earth system 398 00:15:35,329 --> 00:15:33,600 Observatory one key element of that 399 00:15:37,910 --> 00:15:35,339 Earth system Observatory is called 400 00:15:40,250 --> 00:15:37,920 surface biology and geology and it 401 00:15:43,129 --> 00:15:40,260 includes a wide swath Imaging 402 00:15:45,050 --> 00:15:43,139 spectrometer of the emit type except 403 00:15:48,829 --> 00:15:45,060 scale to the next level using the next 404 00:15:51,410 --> 00:15:48,839 level of technology so SBG or Surface 405 00:15:55,129 --> 00:15:51,420 biology and geology will map the entire 406 00:15:57,590 --> 00:15:55,139 Earth pole to pole every 16 days and 407 00:15:58,569 --> 00:15:57,600 those data will allow us to take all 408 00:16:01,310 --> 00:15:58,579 these 409 00:16:02,870 --> 00:16:01,320 science and application objectives that 410 00:16:05,509 --> 00:16:02,880 we're testing with emit that's risk 411 00:16:07,970 --> 00:16:05,519 reduction we'll be able to use them now 412 00:16:10,189 --> 00:16:07,980 routinely into the future with the 413 00:16:12,350 --> 00:16:10,199 surface biology and geology data set so 414 00:16:14,329 --> 00:16:12,360 I'm very excited about where we're going 415 00:16:17,990 --> 00:16:14,339 and how emit can play an important role 416 00:16:20,150 --> 00:16:18,000 in preparing us for that era of global 417 00:16:22,490 --> 00:16:20,160 coverage 418 00:16:25,009 --> 00:16:22,500 so you've talked about Amazing Earth 419 00:16:27,490 --> 00:16:25,019 applications of this technology but are 420 00:16:30,590 --> 00:16:27,500 there any outside of planet Earth 421 00:16:32,329 --> 00:16:30,600 yes absolutely in fact uh Imaging 422 00:16:36,050 --> 00:16:32,339 spectroscopy is used throughout the 423 00:16:39,110 --> 00:16:36,060 solar system and JPL has is playing a 424 00:16:40,910 --> 00:16:39,120 major role right now we just finished an 425 00:16:43,009 --> 00:16:40,920 instrument called the 426 00:16:46,189 --> 00:16:43,019 um high resolution volatiles minerals 427 00:16:47,569 --> 00:16:46,199 Moon mapper and that's part of the lunar 428 00:16:49,490 --> 00:16:47,579 Trailblazer mission that will be 429 00:16:51,769 --> 00:16:49,500 launched to the Moon 430 00:16:53,930 --> 00:16:51,779 um uh fairly soon to look at the 431 00:16:57,170 --> 00:16:53,940 minerals on the moon and question of 432 00:17:00,470 --> 00:16:57,180 volatiles that's water and and materials 433 00:17:02,090 --> 00:17:00,480 like that so that's the best way to 434 00:17:04,490 --> 00:17:02,100 answer that questions quickly in the 435 00:17:07,090 --> 00:17:04,500 moon as we think about how humans will 436 00:17:09,530 --> 00:17:07,100 be interacting in the moon going forward 437 00:17:11,329 --> 00:17:09,540 uh and then further out in the solar 438 00:17:13,669 --> 00:17:11,339 system we're also building an Imaging 439 00:17:16,669 --> 00:17:13,679 spectrometer called uh the mapping 440 00:17:18,590 --> 00:17:16,679 Imaging spectrometer for Europa and that 441 00:17:21,350 --> 00:17:18,600 spectrometer will head out on a mission 442 00:17:23,390 --> 00:17:21,360 called Europa Clipper uh to look at that 443 00:17:25,370 --> 00:17:23,400 moon of Jupiter which has an ocean under 444 00:17:26,870 --> 00:17:25,380 a nice shell and we can look at the 445 00:17:28,970 --> 00:17:26,880 signatures of what's on the surface of 446 00:17:30,890 --> 00:17:28,980 that ice shell well and perhaps answer 447 00:17:32,570 --> 00:17:30,900 some questions about habitability in 448 00:17:35,029 --> 00:17:32,580 some really interesting questions about 449 00:17:37,010 --> 00:17:35,039 what might be happening on an icy moon 450 00:17:39,590 --> 00:17:37,020 with an ocean below it because some of 451 00:17:41,630 --> 00:17:39,600 that ocean periodically Rises to the 452 00:17:42,710 --> 00:17:41,640 surface is left on the surface and of 453 00:17:44,630 --> 00:17:42,720 course there has also been a 454 00:17:46,130 --> 00:17:44,640 spectrometer in orbit around Mars for 455 00:17:48,409 --> 00:17:46,140 quite a few years though it just 456 00:17:51,409 --> 00:17:48,419 finished its mission in the last month 457 00:17:56,570 --> 00:17:54,409 well rob it sounds like there's a lot of 458 00:17:58,370 --> 00:17:56,580 great technology that can use this or a 459 00:18:00,409 --> 00:17:58,380 lot of things that can use this through 460 00:18:02,570 --> 00:18:00,419 our many conversations we've also talked 461 00:18:04,250 --> 00:18:02,580 a lot about the team and so before we 462 00:18:05,510 --> 00:18:04,260 open up for Q a I do want to give you a 463 00:18:08,210 --> 00:18:05,520 moment to talk about that I'm going to 464 00:18:10,010 --> 00:18:08,220 ask the team to start with uh Image six 465 00:18:11,210 --> 00:18:10,020 for us please and you can flip through a 466 00:18:12,950 --> 00:18:11,220 couple of those and talk about the team 467 00:18:15,350 --> 00:18:12,960 behind emit 468 00:18:18,830 --> 00:18:15,360 please again it's an extraordinary team 469 00:18:20,450 --> 00:18:18,840 of well over 100 people we spent 41 470 00:18:21,710 --> 00:18:20,460 months building this instrument and 471 00:18:24,409 --> 00:18:21,720 getting it launched at the space station 472 00:18:26,570 --> 00:18:24,419 this is a part of that process where 473 00:18:29,150 --> 00:18:26,580 we're attaching the telescope 474 00:18:31,070 --> 00:18:29,160 spectrometer system to the electronic 475 00:18:32,390 --> 00:18:31,080 system in the laboratory so we're 476 00:18:33,830 --> 00:18:32,400 bringing down that upper thing and 477 00:18:36,529 --> 00:18:33,840 here's the team 478 00:18:37,970 --> 00:18:36,539 following all the guidelines ever so 479 00:18:40,789 --> 00:18:37,980 carefully to bring this instrument 480 00:18:42,590 --> 00:18:40,799 together to create this instrument 481 00:18:44,510 --> 00:18:42,600 um from from from a large number of 482 00:18:47,270 --> 00:18:44,520 parts and then if we can jump to the 483 00:18:49,669 --> 00:18:47,280 next image it's really spectacular uh 484 00:18:51,230 --> 00:18:49,679 this is another subset of the team after 485 00:18:53,210 --> 00:18:51,240 the instrument is pulled together we've 486 00:18:55,250 --> 00:18:53,220 got the telescope and the electronics 487 00:18:58,250 --> 00:18:55,260 bench below later I'll go into a thermal 488 00:18:59,930 --> 00:18:58,260 enclosure and then uh what came next 489 00:19:01,669 --> 00:18:59,940 though I don't have all the intermediate 490 00:19:03,409 --> 00:19:01,679 shots we can jump to the next image 491 00:19:05,570 --> 00:19:03,419 which is image eight 492 00:19:07,310 --> 00:19:05,580 this is actually an image of what 493 00:19:11,210 --> 00:19:07,320 happened in the period from the 14th of 494 00:19:13,190 --> 00:19:11,220 July to the 28th of July 2022 that is a 495 00:19:15,590 --> 00:19:13,200 myth labeled on the space station 496 00:19:17,510 --> 00:19:15,600 looking at our planet this picture was 497 00:19:20,570 --> 00:19:17,520 taken by astronaut Jessica Watkins and 498 00:19:23,450 --> 00:19:20,580 she kindly shared it with us so all that 499 00:19:25,730 --> 00:19:23,460 work that huge team for 41 months 500 00:19:28,730 --> 00:19:25,740 really building this new 501 00:19:31,190 --> 00:19:28,740 state-of-the-art Imaging spectrometer uh 502 00:19:33,770 --> 00:19:31,200 ended in spectacular success with Amit 503 00:19:36,470 --> 00:19:33,780 arriving on the space station thanks to 504 00:19:38,690 --> 00:19:36,480 SpaceX and that spectacular team and 505 00:19:40,610 --> 00:19:38,700 then the ISS team has been amazing 506 00:19:43,669 --> 00:19:40,620 taking care of them it they provide us 507 00:19:45,110 --> 00:19:43,679 all our power and all our commanding and 508 00:19:47,450 --> 00:19:45,120 all our data come down through the 509 00:19:49,430 --> 00:19:47,460 International Space Station system and 510 00:19:51,650 --> 00:19:49,440 and that's worked flawlessly in some 511 00:19:53,990 --> 00:19:51,660 cases we will make a measurement of 512 00:19:55,730 --> 00:19:54,000 Earth on one day and at the within 24 513 00:19:58,130 --> 00:19:55,740 hours we will actually have mapped the 514 00:19:59,990 --> 00:19:58,140 minerals because of the just the 515 00:20:02,450 --> 00:20:00,000 extraordinary teamwork involved in in 516 00:20:05,450 --> 00:20:02,460 moving the data and processing the data 517 00:20:08,330 --> 00:20:05,460 and getting us to this amazing state 518 00:20:09,770 --> 00:20:08,340 that's incredible to hear Rob 519 00:20:12,710 --> 00:20:09,780 um we've had a ton of great questions 520 00:20:14,150 --> 00:20:12,720 come through the chat so Jocelyn I know 521 00:20:15,590 --> 00:20:14,160 they're excited what is the audience 522 00:20:18,110 --> 00:20:15,600 asking of Rob 523 00:20:19,850 --> 00:20:18,120 yeah lots of really great questions out 524 00:20:22,850 --> 00:20:19,860 here and you've given us a great 525 00:20:25,130 --> 00:20:22,860 overview of how emit works and con on 526 00:20:27,529 --> 00:20:25,140 Facebook wants to know how is Amit going 527 00:20:29,810 --> 00:20:27,539 to help us fight climate change caused 528 00:20:33,289 --> 00:20:29,820 by dust storms 529 00:20:34,789 --> 00:20:33,299 so uh what we can really do is Amit can 530 00:20:37,130 --> 00:20:34,799 give you the information to make some 531 00:20:40,190 --> 00:20:37,140 decisions about how you might adjust 532 00:20:43,490 --> 00:20:40,200 land use right you could imagine how you 533 00:20:45,230 --> 00:20:43,500 use the land can can create more cases 534 00:20:48,169 --> 00:20:45,240 where it's easier for dust to launch 535 00:20:49,490 --> 00:20:48,179 into the atmosphere or harder for dust 536 00:20:51,409 --> 00:20:49,500 to launch of the atmosphere in fact 537 00:20:53,270 --> 00:20:51,419 there's a great experiment in California 538 00:20:54,950 --> 00:20:53,280 at Owens Lake where they're they're 539 00:20:56,029 --> 00:20:54,960 looking they know about the dust and 540 00:20:59,750 --> 00:20:56,039 they're figuring out how they would 541 00:21:01,549 --> 00:20:59,760 modify the surface to try to minimize 542 00:21:03,350 --> 00:21:01,559 the dust that's launched into the 543 00:21:07,850 --> 00:21:03,360 atmosphere that that again results in 544 00:21:12,710 --> 00:21:10,190 is wondering can this be used in 545 00:21:14,450 --> 00:21:12,720 disaster recovery for example after an 546 00:21:16,549 --> 00:21:14,460 eruption 547 00:21:19,549 --> 00:21:16,559 yes this can provide important 548 00:21:22,430 --> 00:21:19,559 information for disaster recovery and 549 00:21:24,650 --> 00:21:22,440 understanding disasters after volcanic 550 00:21:26,630 --> 00:21:24,660 eruptions you could understand a number 551 00:21:29,090 --> 00:21:26,640 of things about where the dust particles 552 00:21:31,430 --> 00:21:29,100 went where the damage was we can see 553 00:21:33,289 --> 00:21:31,440 where the lava is Flowing there's 554 00:21:34,909 --> 00:21:33,299 there's information we can provide we 555 00:21:37,130 --> 00:21:34,919 were actually used in Airborne 556 00:21:38,870 --> 00:21:37,140 spectrometer after the gulf oil spill to 557 00:21:41,090 --> 00:21:38,880 understand how much oil was on the water 558 00:21:43,909 --> 00:21:41,100 and how it would impact the ecosystem so 559 00:21:46,909 --> 00:21:43,919 there's a large number of applications 560 00:21:48,890 --> 00:21:46,919 to address hazards and Disaster Response 561 00:21:50,510 --> 00:21:48,900 with this type of Imaging spectroscopy 562 00:21:52,669 --> 00:21:50,520 that will also be true in the future 563 00:21:55,490 --> 00:21:52,679 with the surface and biology and geology 564 00:22:01,370 --> 00:21:58,130 and continuing on that conversational 565 00:22:03,169 --> 00:22:01,380 applications uh Sarah on Facebook wants 566 00:22:05,270 --> 00:22:03,179 to know will we be able to build 567 00:22:07,850 --> 00:22:05,280 predictive models with this data too 568 00:22:10,070 --> 00:22:07,860 they're thinking about applications with 569 00:22:11,330 --> 00:22:10,080 some of the AI tools that currently 570 00:22:13,909 --> 00:22:11,340 exist 571 00:22:15,350 --> 00:22:13,919 yes I think absolutely in fact we're 572 00:22:17,029 --> 00:22:15,360 already using a little bit of machine 573 00:22:19,370 --> 00:22:17,039 learning and Ai and some of our 574 00:22:21,110 --> 00:22:19,380 retrieval algorithms 575 00:22:24,590 --> 00:22:21,120 um in emulators and things like that so 576 00:22:26,270 --> 00:22:24,600 I think yes as this data set is giving a 577 00:22:28,789 --> 00:22:26,280 new comprehensive measurement of the 578 00:22:30,289 --> 00:22:28,799 earth system in those measurements are 579 00:22:32,690 --> 00:22:30,299 patterns and they're not all the 580 00:22:34,310 --> 00:22:32,700 patterns that we can find quickly with 581 00:22:36,049 --> 00:22:34,320 our understanding of Science and physics 582 00:22:38,510 --> 00:22:36,059 today but things like machine learning 583 00:22:41,149 --> 00:22:38,520 and AI might help us discover those 584 00:22:44,630 --> 00:22:41,159 patterns more quickly and then we can 585 00:22:46,730 --> 00:22:44,640 build models that are prognostic and and 586 00:22:48,590 --> 00:22:46,740 more powerful than maybe we would have 587 00:22:50,870 --> 00:22:48,600 through some more traditional methods so 588 00:22:52,430 --> 00:22:50,880 I'm very excited about the potential of 589 00:22:54,770 --> 00:22:52,440 this new data set with all the 590 00:22:56,570 --> 00:22:54,780 information content embedded in it and 591 00:22:58,190 --> 00:22:56,580 people taking advantage of that with 592 00:23:00,409 --> 00:22:58,200 machine learning and artificial 593 00:23:03,890 --> 00:23:00,419 intelligence 594 00:23:06,230 --> 00:23:03,900 and um a speaking about the measurements 595 00:23:08,930 --> 00:23:06,240 D on YouTube is wondering how much 596 00:23:12,049 --> 00:23:08,940 surface area does one measurement cover 597 00:23:14,750 --> 00:23:12,059 in square miles square kilometers 598 00:23:16,730 --> 00:23:14,760 the one spectrum is about 60 by 60 599 00:23:20,090 --> 00:23:16,740 meters so you can think of it as a 600 00:23:21,230 --> 00:23:20,100 football field class observation but 601 00:23:23,570 --> 00:23:21,240 there's something extraordinary about 602 00:23:25,430 --> 00:23:23,580 spectroscopy if in that field you have 603 00:23:26,330 --> 00:23:25,440 only a quarter of it filled with one 604 00:23:28,549 --> 00:23:26,340 mineral 605 00:23:30,649 --> 00:23:28,559 we can still see the spectral signature 606 00:23:33,649 --> 00:23:30,659 of that mineral even though it's only 607 00:23:35,810 --> 00:23:33,659 occupying a quarter of that 60 by 60 608 00:23:37,909 --> 00:23:35,820 meter this is called spectral and mixing 609 00:23:39,950 --> 00:23:37,919 so because that spectral signature is 610 00:23:42,350 --> 00:23:39,960 unique in present we may not be able to 611 00:23:44,270 --> 00:23:42,360 say which quarter has that mineral but 612 00:23:46,250 --> 00:23:44,280 we could say that mineral is there so we 613 00:23:49,250 --> 00:23:46,260 we have sort of a spectral Zoom 614 00:23:51,890 --> 00:23:49,260 capability to look at concentrations of 615 00:23:54,190 --> 00:23:51,900 materials much smaller than the the 616 00:23:57,230 --> 00:23:54,200 nominal spatial scale and that's another 617 00:24:00,409 --> 00:23:57,240 powerful uh result of using uh High 618 00:24:02,570 --> 00:24:00,419 Fidelity spectroscopy 619 00:24:05,450 --> 00:24:02,580 a great follow-up question here from 620 00:24:08,210 --> 00:24:05,460 Jenny on YouTube which is can emit tell 621 00:24:12,049 --> 00:24:08,220 the height of different particles or 622 00:24:13,370 --> 00:24:12,059 dust storms when those are airborne 623 00:24:15,110 --> 00:24:13,380 um it's a little tricky there are 624 00:24:16,970 --> 00:24:15,120 different ways to do that 625 00:24:19,549 --> 00:24:16,980 um basically we can look at 626 00:24:21,169 --> 00:24:19,559 um uh shadowing effects and and things 627 00:24:23,810 --> 00:24:21,179 along those lines but we don't naturally 628 00:24:25,789 --> 00:24:23,820 have the vertical profile 629 00:24:28,010 --> 00:24:25,799 um in the emit measurement and again the 630 00:24:30,649 --> 00:24:28,020 quarter measurement is to look at the 631 00:24:32,810 --> 00:24:30,659 composition of the source regions that 632 00:24:34,970 --> 00:24:32,820 get blown into the atmosphere so that we 633 00:24:37,370 --> 00:24:34,980 can make predictions if it's coming from 634 00:24:39,649 --> 00:24:37,380 this location is it it's likely to be 635 00:24:41,870 --> 00:24:39,659 maybe a toxic mineral asbestos that 636 00:24:43,549 --> 00:24:41,880 happens in California for example or is 637 00:24:45,289 --> 00:24:43,559 it a mineral that's going to heat or 638 00:24:48,169 --> 00:24:45,299 cool the atmosphere so mostly we're 639 00:24:49,730 --> 00:24:48,179 focused on the surface Source regions 640 00:24:52,490 --> 00:24:49,740 that then we can use with different 641 00:24:54,169 --> 00:24:52,500 methodologies to predict where they 642 00:24:56,090 --> 00:24:54,179 might go and how they might interact 643 00:24:58,310 --> 00:24:56,100 with your system including including 644 00:25:00,649 --> 00:24:58,320 ourselves 645 00:25:03,470 --> 00:25:00,659 and I've got to say I love those photos 646 00:25:05,690 --> 00:25:03,480 of the instrument being built and Amy on 647 00:25:07,909 --> 00:25:05,700 Facebook is wondering where all of the 648 00:25:11,270 --> 00:25:07,919 elements of the event instrument 649 00:25:13,070 --> 00:25:11,280 developed by JPL or were other industry 650 00:25:15,409 --> 00:25:13,080 Partnerships involved 651 00:25:17,510 --> 00:25:15,419 oh we had many wonderful industry 652 00:25:18,950 --> 00:25:17,520 Partners the detector came from an 653 00:25:21,710 --> 00:25:18,960 industry partner the heat rejection 654 00:25:24,769 --> 00:25:21,720 system came from an industry pardon the 655 00:25:27,590 --> 00:25:24,779 mirrors for the telescope so yes it is a 656 00:25:29,570 --> 00:25:27,600 a wonderful collaboration 657 00:25:32,750 --> 00:25:29,580 um and sometimes whole subsystems came 658 00:25:34,789 --> 00:25:32,760 for industry Partners so absolutely the 659 00:25:37,310 --> 00:25:34,799 JPL has focused just on the core element 660 00:25:38,750 --> 00:25:37,320 that spectrometer and some of the 661 00:25:41,269 --> 00:25:38,760 components for it are actually made here 662 00:25:43,430 --> 00:25:41,279 at JPL but industry is involved 663 00:25:46,850 --> 00:25:43,440 throughout the process of building an 664 00:25:52,070 --> 00:25:49,730 and Tara on LinkedIn is asking about how 665 00:25:53,990 --> 00:25:52,080 to get involved they write how can a 666 00:25:56,269 --> 00:25:54,000 person like me who does not have a 667 00:25:58,610 --> 00:25:56,279 science background help with data sets 668 00:26:01,010 --> 00:25:58,620 is it possible 669 00:26:02,690 --> 00:26:01,020 that's a great question and I I think 670 00:26:05,390 --> 00:26:02,700 there are ways 671 00:26:07,430 --> 00:26:05,400 um I don't have any uh quick answers but 672 00:26:09,950 --> 00:26:07,440 for example we're going to be producing 673 00:26:11,930 --> 00:26:09,960 data products from emit like you've seen 674 00:26:13,970 --> 00:26:11,940 the methane product and there'll be a 675 00:26:17,810 --> 00:26:13,980 CO2 product and we have mineral products 676 00:26:19,250 --> 00:26:17,820 so even you could with not too much 677 00:26:20,930 --> 00:26:19,260 effort be able to download those 678 00:26:23,029 --> 00:26:20,940 products and see the distribution of 679 00:26:26,090 --> 00:26:23,039 minerals or methane and then you might 680 00:26:27,409 --> 00:26:26,100 think about how how to get involved and 681 00:26:29,390 --> 00:26:27,419 take advantage of that new information 682 00:26:31,490 --> 00:26:29,400 that comes from emit to address 683 00:26:35,649 --> 00:26:31,500 questions and areas that are important 684 00:26:41,330 --> 00:26:38,750 we also have a question here from Dee on 685 00:26:43,850 --> 00:26:41,340 YouTube that is wondering are the scopes 686 00:26:46,130 --> 00:26:43,860 on emit using certain wavelengths on the 687 00:26:50,810 --> 00:26:46,140 EM spectrum 688 00:26:52,490 --> 00:26:50,820 yes we measure uh 285 wavelengths in the 689 00:26:55,070 --> 00:26:52,500 electromagnetic spectrum starting from 690 00:26:57,409 --> 00:26:55,080 the visible where our eyes see well out 691 00:27:00,409 --> 00:26:57,419 into the short weather infrared so yes 692 00:27:03,289 --> 00:27:00,419 we we have like if we like you have a 693 00:27:05,750 --> 00:27:03,299 three color camera it made us like a 285 694 00:27:08,210 --> 00:27:05,760 color camera going into wavelength 695 00:27:10,370 --> 00:27:08,220 ranges that our eyes can't possibly see 696 00:27:12,169 --> 00:27:10,380 another interesting point is when I was 697 00:27:13,970 --> 00:27:12,179 in graduate school I was trying to 698 00:27:15,890 --> 00:27:13,980 measure a spectrum like Emit and it took 699 00:27:19,010 --> 00:27:15,900 me about 10 minutes on a laboratory 700 00:27:21,409 --> 00:27:19,020 spectrometer right now in orbit emit is 701 00:27:24,649 --> 00:27:21,419 measuring 300 702 00:27:26,330 --> 00:27:24,659 000 Spectra per second so that's a 703 00:27:28,070 --> 00:27:26,340 spectacular thing for me to think about 704 00:27:31,130 --> 00:27:28,080 going back to my graduate school days 705 00:27:35,870 --> 00:27:31,140 and what we can do today uh to achieve 706 00:27:40,970 --> 00:27:38,930 and speaking um that going back to dust 707 00:27:42,950 --> 00:27:40,980 Justin on LinkedIn is wondering does 708 00:27:47,390 --> 00:27:42,960 this dust in the atmosphere affect 709 00:27:52,850 --> 00:27:49,909 um it can there is now an era of optical 710 00:27:55,490 --> 00:27:52,860 calm where where we're using lasers to 711 00:27:57,649 --> 00:27:55,500 commute op communicate optically 712 00:28:01,549 --> 00:27:57,659 um between spacecraft and the ground so 713 00:28:04,190 --> 00:28:01,559 if dust was in play in one of those uh 714 00:28:05,870 --> 00:28:04,200 reception uh and transmission links you 715 00:28:08,269 --> 00:28:05,880 could imagine dust would weaken the 716 00:28:10,190 --> 00:28:08,279 signal and that would have impact on 717 00:28:12,409 --> 00:28:10,200 communication it doesn't have so much 718 00:28:14,990 --> 00:28:12,419 impact on radio communication and emit 719 00:28:23,210 --> 00:28:15,000 does use radio communication uh from the 720 00:28:26,990 --> 00:28:25,010 I think we might have covered this 721 00:28:28,730 --> 00:28:27,000 slightly but Robert on LinkedIn is 722 00:28:33,289 --> 00:28:28,740 wondering what is the effective 723 00:28:35,750 --> 00:28:33,299 resolution in area at Earth's surface 724 00:28:38,090 --> 00:28:35,760 so the effective resolution is for a 725 00:28:40,490 --> 00:28:38,100 single Spectrum comes from about a 60 by 726 00:28:43,549 --> 00:28:40,500 60 meter patch 727 00:28:45,830 --> 00:28:43,559 um that's the actual spatial sampling 728 00:28:47,930 --> 00:28:45,840 but as I mentioned earlier if you had 729 00:28:49,850 --> 00:28:47,940 just a 10 by 10 meter patch of a 730 00:28:51,890 --> 00:28:49,860 particular mineral and it had a unique 731 00:28:54,049 --> 00:28:51,900 spectral signature we could say it was 732 00:28:56,510 --> 00:28:54,059 there so we have sort of a spectral Zoom 733 00:28:58,310 --> 00:28:56,520 to allow us to talk about constituents 734 00:29:02,090 --> 00:28:58,320 of the air system that are smaller than 735 00:29:07,190 --> 00:29:04,669 and looking at the applications again 736 00:29:10,010 --> 00:29:07,200 Jenny on YouTube is wondering is emit 737 00:29:13,430 --> 00:29:10,020 able to track and interpret wildfires 738 00:29:16,909 --> 00:29:13,440 and their potential impacts 739 00:29:18,409 --> 00:29:16,919 yes Emit and emit type measurements can 740 00:29:21,110 --> 00:29:18,419 contribute in several ways to 741 00:29:22,730 --> 00:29:21,120 understanding wildfires we can map 742 00:29:24,409 --> 00:29:22,740 species type which relates to 743 00:29:26,690 --> 00:29:24,419 burnability we can look at the dry 744 00:29:28,789 --> 00:29:26,700 biomass how much burnable material is 745 00:29:31,070 --> 00:29:28,799 there and how much water is the leaves 746 00:29:33,649 --> 00:29:31,080 all those are spectral signatures that 747 00:29:35,029 --> 00:29:33,659 emit captures in this spectral range so 748 00:29:37,190 --> 00:29:35,039 those would be things that tell you what 749 00:29:39,169 --> 00:29:37,200 the risk is if we see a fire we can 750 00:29:41,149 --> 00:29:39,179 actually say how hot the fire is very 751 00:29:43,669 --> 00:29:41,159 carefully and what might be next to it 752 00:29:46,430 --> 00:29:43,679 that might burn and after a fire we can 753 00:29:48,769 --> 00:29:46,440 look at burn severity how severe was the 754 00:29:51,049 --> 00:29:48,779 fire how badly was the ecosystem damaged 755 00:29:53,570 --> 00:29:51,059 and then into the future we can look at 756 00:29:55,130 --> 00:29:53,580 how recovery might occur as we look at 757 00:29:56,870 --> 00:29:55,140 data sets how are the ecosystems 758 00:29:58,970 --> 00:29:56,880 evolving after they've lived through a 759 00:30:11,090 --> 00:29:58,980 fire so there are many elements for this 760 00:30:15,590 --> 00:30:12,250 yeah 761 00:30:17,990 --> 00:30:15,600 alrighty so folks that was the last 762 00:30:19,789 --> 00:30:18,000 question we had from the audience we 763 00:30:21,409 --> 00:30:19,799 want to thank you all so much for those 764 00:30:24,230 --> 00:30:21,419 wonderful questions you had this evening 765 00:30:26,510 --> 00:30:24,240 uh Rob is a wonderful and dedicated 766 00:30:28,789 --> 00:30:26,520 speaker and we were so grateful to have 767 00:30:30,590 --> 00:30:28,799 him with us today I want to remind you 768 00:30:33,350 --> 00:30:30,600 as well that if you have more questions 769 00:30:35,389 --> 00:30:33,360 about this Mission you can check out the 770 00:30:37,010 --> 00:30:35,399 link that's going to be posted uh in the 771 00:30:42,549 --> 00:30:37,020 chat as well as showing up on the screen 772 00:30:49,789 --> 00:30:46,789 jpl.nasa.gov slash emit so check that 773 00:30:52,070 --> 00:30:49,799 out and uh thank you all for joining us 774 00:30:54,710 --> 00:30:52,080 thank you to our wonderful speaker Dr 775 00:30:56,690 --> 00:30:54,720 Robert Greene for joining us uh to 776 00:30:58,610 --> 00:30:56,700 discuss admit I also want to thank our 777 00:31:01,789 --> 00:30:58,620 wonderful questions because Jocelyn 778 00:31:03,169 --> 00:31:01,799 thank you for joining us uh and I want 779 00:31:05,510 --> 00:31:03,179 to thank everyone working behind the 780 00:31:07,310 --> 00:31:05,520 scenes to make this possible to all of 781 00:31:09,230 --> 00:31:07,320 you watching every month that take this 782 00:31:10,850 --> 00:31:09,240 time out of your day we want to thank 783 00:31:13,310 --> 00:31:10,860 you and remind you that if you did miss 784 00:31:14,990 --> 00:31:13,320 one of our Von Carmen talks feel free to 785 00:31:17,510 --> 00:31:15,000 check them out they are available for 786 00:31:20,090 --> 00:31:17,520 the past five years on jpl's YouTube 787 00:31:22,669 --> 00:31:20,100 page and please do join us next month 788 00:31:25,250 --> 00:31:22,679 for an incredible discussion about the 789 00:31:27,289 --> 00:31:25,260 Insight Mission thanks again for joining